16 março, 2007

AS ESPECIES FORÁNEAS EN GALICIA

  • Son moitos os problemas que ameazan o medio ambente en Galicia; os incendios, a urbanizacion e a introcucció de especies foráneas, son algúns dos problemas do meido ambente galego, todos éles causados por o home. Sen embargo, éu creo que, o mais facilmente evitable e o das especies foráneas, que ven sexa con fins economicos ( visón e eucalipto); ou socias, caso das mascotas (canario, etc), que son abandonados e logran sobrevivir adaptandose o novo medio provocando problemas no ecosistema, xa que pode desplazar as especies autótonas Entre a flora pódese destacar, nun ambito terrestre, o eucalipto.

Especie que se pode considerar unha praga; xa que logrou desplazar as especies autótonas coma o carballo e o castiñéiro, debido a sua gran productividade, cualidade pola que foi introducido en Galicia desde Australia.Debido a esta invasión no só a flora sufre un declive na sua poboacion, se nón que tamén a povoacion de alguns animais disminue considerablemente. Es te é o caso de venado, corzo, coello ou xabarin. Animasi que no autono tiñan como importante alimento a lándra (bellota), froito do carballo. Esto tivo como consecuencia a merma de certos depredadores. Tales como son o lobo, especie en perigo de desaparicion, e o lince desaparecido de galicia fai alguns seculos. E sen posibilidades de repoboacion.


No que a fauna terrestre se refíre, cabe tamén descatar a introduccion con fin economicos, por parte da industria textil, do visón americano. Que gracias a ocasionais fugas das granxas onde son enviados, logrou establecerse con gran éxito no noso pais. Desprazando as especies autótonas, entre as cales se incluyen a xineta, o gato montés, a marta común o turón, ademasido seu parente europeo, sendo éste o mais perxudicado.

Pero sen duda o ambito que mais sufreu pola introducion de especies foraneas,foi o, acuatico devido na sua maior parte por causas relacionadas coa pesca, de feito hoxe en dia, un 30% das especies animais que habitan os rios galegos son autoctonas. entre as especies animais foraneas, podese falar por exemplo do mexillon cebra traido dende o mar Caspio e o mar Negro, este, logra gañarlle terreo as especies autoctonas xa que compiten pola alimentacion.


Vison europeo


Vison americano

Mais preocupante e a situacion no caso do siluro, peixe introducido en Galicia con fins deportivos(pesca) este peixe constitue un grave riesgo para as especies autoctonas, de feito xa son apreciables alguns danos, por exemplo, a depredacion que exerce sobre a carpa, fixo que esta sufrira unha gran diminucion na sua poboacion.


No que a flora acuatica se refire, tamen foron moitas as especies que se introduciron no ecosistema galego.A tifa, e unha desas especies que foi traida polo ser humano, e que se acabou instalando nas zonas humedas galegas, conseguindo un gran exito o igual que sucedeu cas especies antes mencionadas.
Como medidas para a protecion do medio ambiente galego,eu so pediria un maior control sobre as especies foraneas que pode ser introducidas en Galicia, ben sexa como masctotas ou con outros fins.


Daniel, Sergio Patiño Río, Simón, Miguel.

27 comentários:

Marcelino Lopes disse...

Olá! Um bom contributo. Apresentam exemplos muito concretos que podem afectar o ambiente e um desenvolvimento sustentável. Sugiro que o tema das "ESPECIES FORÁNEAS" seja debatido no fórum a partir de Abril.

Vou sugerir aos meus alunos que investiguem o que se passa sobre este tema em Portugal, por exemplo no Rio Minho.

Alunos - Melide disse...

Grazas pola boa critica, continuaremos investigando e aportaremos mais datos.

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